DNSSEC (1/2) RFC4033-4035 Purpose: ensure validity of DNS transaction defend spoofed responses or cache contamination also ensure the validity of negative response (defend DoS by spoofed "NXDOMAIN") Method: public-key based digital signature maintain per-zone key zone's publickey: DNSKEY RR sign each RR of the zone using zone's secret key -> RRSIG RR DS: Delegation Signer a hash of a child's DNSKEY RR